<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lonc, Elzbieta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mazurkiewicz, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Szewczuk, V.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Susceptibility of poultry biting lice (Mallophaga) to Dipel and bacilan (Bacillus thuringiensis)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angewandte Parasitologie</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals; Bacillus thuringiensis; chicken; insecticide; Mallophaga; Pest Control</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1986</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">27</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35-37</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dipel (Abbott Laboratories, N. Chicago, U.S.A.) and Bacilan (PPR, Walcz, Poland), commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki, containing 16,000 IU/mg were tested in vitro on Menopon gallinae (L.) and Eomenacanthus stramineus (Nitzsch). The insects were placed in feathers, in Petri plates, and sprayed with 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 2, 4 and 10% solutions of insecticides. Each concentration was tested on a group of 10 insects, in three replications. The viability was observed after 10, 20, 30, 60 min and then 10 times within 1 hr intervals. Dipel was effective in lower concentrations [LC50 = 2.2 (1.4-3.5)% against E. stramineus and 2.9 (1.8-4.6) against M. gallinae]. LC50 of Bacilan were 2.9 (1.8-4.3) for E. stramineus and 3.2 (2.5-4.0)% for M. gallinae respectively. The ingestion of microbial insecticides was proved by the presence of spores B. thuringiensis in the insects being previously exposed to indirect activity of 2.2% Dipel and 2.9% Bacilan. Moreover, the growth of B. thuringiensis colonies in the lice culture was observed. 3% Dipel solution proved to be effective in killing the insects on the host, but no earlier than after the second application within 24 hr intervals.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45447</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0003-3162Journal</style></notes></record></records></xml>